cholula
  Touring Guide of State of Puebla-México

archaeological sites
cholula puebla
Cholula
The archaeological site of Cholula is composed of several pyramids were built one above the other for six centuries in a base of 450 feet square with a height of 65 meters, two times the Sun Pyramid at Teotihuacan, and four times more larger volume than that of Cheops in Egypt.

It is said that when Hernan Cortes arrived in Cholula this relic and was hidden.

Although the Spanish discovered later that in the bowels of that mound was a pyramid, they thought that ending a work of such magnitude was beyond his strength, so they decided to build up the pyramid a church, which was dedicated in 1594 to the "Virgen de los Remedios".

In 1931 the pyramid began to explore and after 25 years were drilled five miles of tunnels, which facilitated the discovery of seven overlapping pieces.


cantona puebla
The site covers about 12 square kilometers for the study was divided into three broad units and worked the southern part, which is the best preserved, it is the Acropolis (the area where are located the main structures which gave shelter to political, economic and religious), resulting, therefore, a good sample of the settlement.

According to the work, Cantona would be located chronologically between 600 and 1000 AD.

Its splendor coincides with the fall of the main cities of the Classic horizon (even thought it had something to do with the collapse of Teotihuacan to obstruct the passage of goods from the coast to the highlands) and the arrival of armed people took control soon and dominated Mexico.

Cantona Puebla


The conformation of the site is made up of many courtyards of approximately 50 x 40 meters or even higher in some of them were found obsidian workshops and quarry, which suggests a clear division of labor and specialization of its inhabitants. According to Garcia Cook, the rural population is settled in low areas, leaving people with intermediate social rank, and finally at the top, the temples were located, ball games and the houses of chiefs and leaders.

Furthermore, the evidence indicates that the courts were places of residence of family groups that made up the town of Canton, is that the quantity in the sector V is detected 620 yards and 997 mounds, including residential units, temples and pyramids .

The architecture is absent the stucco as a decorative element, but possibly could be used to attach the mud volcanic rock, as well as the technique of placing stone upon stone (commonly called bone-binding) that shapes the fences, alleys, and other platforms archaeological structures.

Cantona is located north of the Eastern Basin, between the towns of Tepeyahualco and Coyoacan, Puebla, coming from the Federal District of the Mexico-Orizaba, one arrives at the booth Amozoc, we follow the federal highway that runs from the city Oriental of Puebla, this population is making a detour to Tepeyahualco and then follow the road to the site.

To get from Veracruz taking the path that is at the northern end of the federal road Xalapa-Acatzingo, just where it ends and begins this state of Puebla.
Text:Ing. Luis Alberto Martínez Álvarez / Source:http://www.inah.gob.mx
tepexi puebla

Old Tepexi served as head of one of the most important domains popolacas controlled the south of what is now the state of Puebla during the Postclassic period (1200-1500 AD), this village was in close contact with Teotihuacan, as were the popolacas producers of ceramics "thin orange" which was marketed by the big city.

This fortification has five areas, which are located on the platforms, pyramidal mounds, residential areas, towers and tombs.
Tepexi el Viejo
Imagen: http://www.municipiotepexiderodriguez.gob.mx

In each, will be found ceremonial areas where the most important pyramidal mound in the center, and a smaller one at the west end. Northwest of this site is characterized by residential buildings, which although remains of foundation walls and parts of the system is combined rooms with patios and access in an "L".

Outside the walls, to the north, is a cistern, which is supposed to by a drainage system in the squares, the harvested rainwater.

The fort is just a natural access to the south. Outside the walls, about six miles, there are still remains of five small settlements related to the primary, to which they are known as subsidies, one of these grants is for the strip of land west of the wall, where down the hill and is known as The Peninsula, it is a residential area with abundant pottery remains.

Two more sites are to the south, along the natural entry to the site: one contains only remnants ceramic be badly eroded by modern farming field, the other presents buildings still standing, built with the same system that the walls

The remaining sub-sites are located, one north and one south, both are flanked by deep ravines.

The site is located southeast of the city of Puebla, capital of the state of the same name. Its access is through the federal highway 150, which addresses Tepeaca, nine miles then take the detour that leads to Tepexi Rodriguez, two miles ahead, passing the village Moralillo, a gap that is part of the site.

Text: Ing. Luis Alberto Martínez Álvarez /Source:CONACULTA-INAH Delegación Puebla
yohualichan puebla


This place is very similar to the pre-Columbian city of El Tajin in Veracruz.

Yohualichan name comes from Nahuatl and means "place of night."

This place is an ancient ceremonial center of the Totonac culture, is located northwest of Cuetzalan, 118 miles from the city of Puebla.

Yohualichan

It was supposedly founded in the early Classic period (0-900 AD) and was abandoned in the middle Postclassic (900-1519 AD) due to the early expansion of the center Nahua groups, starting with the Toltec conquest then the chichimeca and finally the terrible economic dominance of the Mexica of Tenochtitlan, who threw to the coast the last vestiges of this area Totonac.

This settlement rests on the elevations of the Sierra Madre toward the elevation of Veracruz, located approximately 700 meters above sea level. The ruins consist of a rectangular square, around which there are five mounds or pyramids with different numbers of bases and remains of temples on their tops. Although not all mounds have been excavated, we see clearly a primarily stylistic unity given by the niches that pierce the pyramidal bases.

In the construction of buildings materials were abundant in the region of rock is easily obtained from the quarries and blocks can get work that require scrubbing. In the ball game there are blocks of more than three meters long, to the sides and the cornices of the structures. All the structures were coated with a thick layer of stucco simplistic terms, but are evidence that on the boards there are traces of paint as well as fret-shaped elements made of mortar on the slopes.

In the back of the church called "La Greca", but at a higher level than the square is the Ball Game, one of the largest known in Mesoamerica, since the court is about 90 meters long. The existence of this is explained by the fact that, for all ancient Mesoamerican peoples, this game was one of the main rituals as hitting the ball the participants tried to play the tour of the stars in the sky. This established within the gaming floor in an "I", although their heads do not have the traditional way, because the north is the building itself "La Greca" and to the south an even not well defined.

There are stairs in the north and south of each side, probably to access the shows the traditional sport of Tlachtli which was played with a ball of solid rubber that could be hit with the arms, legs and hips, but not with hands or feet; the ability of the contestants was shown not to let die the bounce of the ball and send it to the area to ruins contraria.Estas closely resemble the pre-Columbian city of El Tajin in Veracruz, which is only 38 miles from it. It resembles the Taj in the niches of the bases and fretwork decorating the slope of the pyramid at Yohualichan. Both sites belonged to the Totonac culture, and presumably that their relationships were close to pre-Hispanic route through which some traces remain. The palms and yokes of stone, pottery and architecture are testimony that was part of the former prime Totonacapan main headers were cities like El Tajin, Cempoala and Misantla.

Yohualichan is of great interest because in this place is found the ancient presence of groups from the coast in north-eastern Sierra region of Puebla.

Source: Poblanerías.com
tepatlaxco puebla

Tepatlaxco

The archaeological zone is set on the southern slope of the hill Totlqueme the town of San Cristobal Tepatlaxco.

The rest of the site consists mainly of a ceremonial complex consisting of more than eight structures, it also missing some of smaller mounds that are distant but nevertheless are part of it.

Being built on the slopes of a hill, with a fairly steep slope and the existence of deep ravines on both sides, makes the structures rather pass unnoticed, but stand out for their shape and height.

Tepatlaxco is fairly extensive area of the dispersed some of its structures, the tour starts in the ceremonial area composed of the Mound A, with its nine meters high and 36 of base is one of the structures that were explored in 1980 and showing evidence of previous occupation, it is remarkable especially on the south side where it is visible a bank built in its central part and stones tepetates careadas.

The so-called East Slope, located just 6 meters east of Mound A, is a large rectangular platform nine feet approximately two hundred feet high, like the previous, still shows traces of the coating on the interior parts of the structure as well as evidence of a central staircase of five steps.

The Totlqueme, it is a circular structure, located at the top of the hill Totlqueme and is visible from both the ceremonial area, or on the road that gives access to the site.

The area was inhabited between 300 AD A.C. and 600 D.C. considered a fortified site of Olmec influence. Far from the city of San Martín 1.24 miles to the north, to reach it, take the free highway to Mexico, 1 km. later, is the town of San Cristobal Tepatlaxco, here turns to the right and continue one mile of dirt to the hill Totolqueme following the signs to take you to the place. There is no museum or restaurant or health services, to eat and learn it is better to return to the city of San Martín.

Sources: Ing. Luis Alberto Martínez Álvarez / CONACULTA-INAH Delegación Puebla / Texmelucan.com.mx
 
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